Hernia Discal

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El paso del tiempo y los sobreesfuerzos entre otras razones, pueden ser los principales motivos de la aparición de una hernia discal. Es por ello que resulta imperativo poder reconocer su presencia, descubrir las razones principales por las que se puede producir, su evolución, así como conocer los síntomas, métodos de prevención y tratamientos más eficientes para poder por una parte evitar su aparición, y en el caso de que se produzca, mejorar el estado del paciente.

Contenido

Qué es una hernia discal

Hay que tener en cuenta que los nervios bajan desde el cerebro y se dirigen al resto del cuerpo a través de la columna vertebral, de manera que entre vértebra y vértebra existe lo que se conoce como disco intervertebral, que tiene dos funciones principales, que son la de permitir la flexibilidad de la columna, y la de facilitar un espacio entre las vértebras para que puedan salir las raíces nerviosas.

La hernia discal se produce cuando un disco intervertebral sale de su lugar, lo cual da lugar a la presión de estas raíces nerviosas, que es lo que produce el entumecimiento, la debilidad o incluso el dolor.

Por qué se produce la hernia de disco

Existen diferentes causas por las que se puede producir la hernia de disco, entre las que destacan:

  • Haber trabajado a lo largo de la vida realizando actividades duras y que supongan una excesiva presión en la zona afectada. Por ello es más habitual en hombres de mediana y avanzada edad.
  • Al levantar objetos muy pesados.
  • El sobrepeso también puede ser causante de hernia de disco.
  • Mantener la misma postura durante demasiado tiempo, tanto sentado como de pie.
  • Torcer o doblar la espalda de forma repetitiva.

hernia-de-disco

Los síntomas de la presencia de una hernia discal

La hernia discal generalmente se va a ir desarrollando poco a poco, lo que significa que los síntomas no aparecen desde el primer momento, sino que irán apareciendo y aumentando su incidencia.

Entre los síntomas de una hernia discal más destacados encontramos:

  • Dolor al caminar varios kilómetros.
  • También se presenta al reírse, toser o estornudar.
  • Es frecuente durante la noche.
  • Dolor en la espalda al doblarse hacia atrás.
  • La realización de esfuerzos también implica dolor en la zona afectada.
  • Aguantar la respiración puede llegar a causar dolor.
  • Se observará más dolor en los casos en los que se permanezca mucho rato de pie o sentado.
No se pudo mostrar la tabla.

Cómo prevenir las hernias en la espalda

La mejor forma de evitar la aparición de una hernia es mediante estas recomendaciones de prevención:

  • La vida sedentaria facilita la aparición de hernias, muy especialmente si se mantiene mucho tiempo la misma postura.
  • Es importante evitar el sobrepeso, ya que se previene la carga excesiva sobre la columna tanto al estar de pie como sentado, y sobre todo realizando actividades.
  • A la hora de levantar un peso, es importante realizar la técnica de levantamiento adecuada, evitando cargar sobre la espalda.
  • Si nuestro trabajo implica el levantamiento de pesos con frecuencia, es importante utilizar un cinturón adecuado para aumentar el soporte de la columna vertebral.
  • La realización de ejercicio físico con regularidad, ayuda a fortalecer los músculos de la espalda y también del abdomen, beneficiando esto a la sujeción de la columna, lo que significa que estará mucho más preparada para resistir esfuerzos y movimientos repetitivos o súbitos que puedan afectar los discos intervertebrales.
  • También se recomienda mantener una postura adecuada en las tareas diarias que requieren estar mucho tiempo de pie o sentado, manteniendo en todo momento la columna recta.
  • Recuerda que el tabaquismo también se relaciona con una mayor propensión a la aparición de hernias.
  • En el caso de que empecemos a notar un poco de dolor en la espalda, es importante acudir a un fisioterapeuta en Torrevieja a través del cual se puedan reforzar los músculos de esta zona del cuerpo y, de este modo, se evite cualquier tipo de lesión, entre ellas la hernia discal.

Tratamiento de la hernia de disco

En cuanto al tratamiento de la hernia de disco, dependerá de la evolución de la lesión, pero para la mayor parte de pacientes se procederá siguiendo dos fases principales que son:

  • Reposo: varios días de reposo, en algunos casos acompañado de la ingesta de analgésicos.
  • Fisioterapia: posteriormente, deberá acudir a algún  fisioterapeuta para realizar ejercicios de fortalecimiento que garanticen la sujeción y la postura.

En la mayor parte de casos, con esto se habrá solucionado y el paciente podrá volver a su vida normal, pero hay casos más graves en los que se precisa de otras técnicas como las inyecciones de esteroides o incluso la cirugía, que generalmente se basará en una discectomía a través de la cual se extirpará de forma parcial el disco.

Como prevenir una hernia

1. Mantén una buena postura: La mala postura es una de las principales causas de hernias discales. Para prevenir su aparición, es importante mantener una postura adecuada al estar de pie, sentado o levantando objetos pesados. Recuerda mantener la espalda recta y los hombros hacia atrás.

2. Realiza ejercicios de fortalecimiento de la espalda: Fortalecer los músculos de la espalda puede ayudar a prevenir la hernia discal. Realizar ejercicios de estiramiento y fortalecimiento de la columna vertebral, como el yoga o la natación, puede ser beneficioso para mantener la salud de los discos intervertebrales.

3. Cuida tu peso: El exceso de peso puede ejercer presión adicional sobre los discos de la columna vertebral, aumentando el riesgo de hernia discal. Mantener un peso saludable a través de una alimentación equilibrada y la práctica regular de ejercicio puede ayudar a prevenir su aparición.

4. Evita levantar objetos pesados de manera incorrecta: Si necesitas levantar objetos pesados, asegúrate de hacerlo de manera correcta para evitar lesiones en la espalda. Dobla las rodillas y utiliza los músculos de las piernas en lugar de la espalda para levantar el objeto. Además, evita girar o torcer el cuerpo mientras sostienes un objeto pesado.

5. Descansa adecuadamente: El descanso adecuado es fundamental para mantener la salud de la columna vertebral. Asegúrate de dormir en un colchón firme y utilizar una almohada que brinde soporte adecuado al cuello y la espalda. También es importante tomar descansos regulares durante actividades que requieran estar mucho tiempo sentado o de pie.

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