La cervicalgia, más conocida como dolor cervical, es un problema bastante común en la actualidad, muy especialmente debido a las malas posturas que adoptamos a la hora de sentarnos frente a un escritorio, al trabajar, etcétera. Vamos a conocer todas sus particularidades, así como las causas más habituales por las que se produce, pudiendo de esta forma prevenirla o tratarla de forma eficiente mediante un tratamiento de fisioterapia en el caso de que se haya desarrollado.
Contenido
Qué es la cervicalgia
Decíamos que el dolor cervical es más conocido como cervicalgia, y de cualquier manera se trata de las molestias que se producen en la estructura que forma parte del cuello.
Es importante tener en cuenta que la cervicalgia no se refiere a una única lesión o dolencia de forma específica, sino que se puede producir a partir de molestias que se desarrollen tanto en músculos como en huesos, articulaciones, en los nervios o incluso en los propios discos intervertebrales.
Síntomas de la cervicalgia
Entre los síntomas más destacados que se producen en caso de desarrollarse cervicalgia, podemos destacar:
- Molestias en la zona del cuello.
- Dolor de diferente consideración en el cuello.
- Dificultad para mover el cuello, especialmente a la hora de realizar giros en horizontal.
- Sensación de hormigueo en los brazos o en la mano.
- Entumecimiento de las extremidades superiores.
- Se puede llegar a presentar debilidad en ambos brazos o manos.
Causas por las que se produce
Tal y como podemos observar, al existir diversos orígenes para la cervicalgia, es decir, dependiendo de si es el hueso, la articulación, el músculo, los nervios o los discos intervertebrales, las causas por las que se produce podrán ser diversas.
Sin embargo, las más comunes son las siguientes:
- Colocación de los monitores excesivamente altos o excesivamente bajos que obliguen a mantener una postura antinatural de la cabeza al estar sentados frente al ordenador.
- En caso de cáncer que afecte a la columna.
- Si se ha producido algún esguince.
- Levantar pesos sin respetar la postura del cuerpo.
- Mala postura en la mesa de trabajo o escritorio.
- Elevar pesos de forma excesivamente rápida.
- Por estrechamiento del conducto raquídeo.
- Malas posturas al leer, ver la televisión o realizar tareas en un sofá.
- Realizar ejercicios bruscos que lleven a mover el cuello de forma repentina.
- Se presenta en caso de espondilosis o artritis cervical.
- Presencia de afecciones determinadas como puede ser enfermedades como la fibromialgia.
- Puede producirse en el caso de infección en la columna.
- Se puede desarrollar a partir de pequeñas fracturas que se presenten en la columna vertebral.
- Si el paciente padece de tortícolis.
- También se puede producir por dormir con posiciones que impliquen que se fuerce el cuello.
- Se puede producir por la rotura de algún disco intervertebral.
- Utilización de almohadas que no favorezcan la postura adecuada del cuello.
- Puede producirse en el caso de que el paciente padezca osteoporosis.
Cómo prevenir la cervicalgia
Hay casos en los que la cervicalgia no se puede prevenir, que son aquellos en los que se desarrolla a partir de una enfermedad.
Sin embargo, en la mayor parte de casos, el paciente puede hacer mucho para evitar su aparición, sobre todo a la hora de prevenir movimientos bruscos con el cuello, así como fortaleciendo los músculos de la zona y por supuesto asegurando una adecuada postura a la hora de estar tanto de pie como sentado.
Tratamiento para curar la cervicalgia
Es importante que, en el caso de que el dolor no remita en el plazo aproximado de siete días, se contacte con un médico o con un fisioterapeuta, los cuales valorarán la situación y buscarán la solución más efectiva para recuperar la movilidad y reducir el dolor.
En el caso de que el dolor sea leve, lo mejor es acudir directamente al fisioterapeuta, ya que con unos estiramientos y algunos ejercicios de fortalecimiento, en pocos días se van a conseguir avances muy considerables.
Sin embargo, si se presenta un dolor muy fuerte que dé lugar a inmovilización, dificultad para respirar o tragar, fuerte inflamación, etcétera, es mejor buscar la valoración del médico que realizará las radiografías, exámenes, tomografías o resonancias que considere oportunas.
Fisioterapia para la cervicalgia
La fisioterapia es un tratamiento efectivo para la cervicalgia, que consiste en el dolor en la zona del cuello y los hombros. El objetivo de la fisioterapia en estos casos es aliviar el dolor, mejorar la movilidad y fortalecer los músculos del cuello y la espalda.
Uno de los tratamientos más comunes en la fisioterapia para la cervicalgia es la terapia manual. Esto implica técnicas de manipulación y movilización de las articulaciones del cuello para mejorar la movilidad y reducir la rigidez. También se pueden realizar técnicas de masaje para aliviar la tensión muscular.
Además de la terapia manual, se pueden utilizar ejercicios terapéuticos para fortalecer los músculos del cuello y la espalda. Estos ejercicios se adaptan a las necesidades individuales del paciente y pueden incluir estiramientos, fortalecimiento y ejercicios de estabilidad.
La educación del paciente es también una parte importante de la fisioterapia en la cervicalgia. Los fisioterapeutas pueden proporcionar información sobre la postura correcta, ergonomía y consejos para prevenir futuros episodios de dolor en el cuello.
En algunos casos, la fisioterapia puede incluir modalidades físicas como la aplicación de calor, frío o electroterapia para reducir el dolor y la inflamación en el cuello.
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