Escoliosis

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En la actualidad, un alto porcentaje de la población padece de escoliosis, un problema que es importante detectar con la suficiente antelación para conseguir una corrección eficiente y que no precise de cirugía. Vamos a conocer las particularidades de este problema, las razones por las que se produce, sus síntomas y los tratamientos a los que hay que recurrir para su solución.

Contenido

Qué es la escoliosis y razones por las que se produce

La escoliosis es un problema que se produce cuando la espina dorsal presenta una curvatura anormal, dando lugar a la forma de S o de C.

Dependiendo del tipo de escoliosis, se puede producir debido a una malformación en el nacimiento, problemas en el sistema nervioso o incluso se puede deber a causas desconocidas como ocurre en la mayor parte de casos.

columna-vertebral-escoliosis

Tipos de escoliosis

Existen tres tipos de escoliosis que son:

  • Escoliosis congénita: es el tipo de escoliosis que se presenta desde el momento del nacimiento, y se debe a una malformación de las costillas o las vértebras del bebé.
  • Escoliosis idiopática: es el tipo de escoliosis más frecuente, y es de origen desconocido. Si se da en niños hasta tres años se denomina escoliosis infantil, entre cuatro y diez años será escoliosis juvenil, y a partir de los 11 años es escoliosis adolescente.
  • Escoliosis neuromuscular: se produce por un problema en el sistema nervioso que puede ser parálisis cerebral, espina bífida, distrofia muscular o polio, el cual afecta directamente a los músculos.

Principales síntomas de escoliosis

Entre los principales síntomas de la escoliosis se pueden destacar:

  • Dolores en la espalda.
  • Dolor en la zona baja de la espalda que se extiende hacia las piernas.
  • Curvatura de la columna.
  • Desnivel en la zona de la pelvis, la cual muestra una leve inclinación.
  • Sensación de debilidad o cansancio en la zona de la columna. Esto puede ocurrir después de estar sentado o de estar de pie durante mucho rato.
  • Diferencia de altura entre ambos hombros, los cuales presentan desnivel.
  • Dolor en la zona de los hombros.

Pruebas para su detección

A través de los síntomas se puede detectar la posible presencia de la desviación, pero para determinar si realmente se trata de escoliosis, se procederá a realizar un examen físico a través del cual se podrá detectar si es escoliosis o se trata de dolores producidos por otras causas.

Para realizar este estudio, generalmente se procede a pedir al paciente que se agache para ver la linealidad de la columna, además de que se observan la nivelación tanto de hombros como de pelvis.

También se puede proceder a realizar la medición de la columna, radiografías, resonancia magnética o incluso tomografía computarizada.

Tratamiento de la escoliosis

El tratamiento para la escoliosis va a depender de diferentes factores que incluyen la causa por la que se ha producido, la localización de la curvatura, la edad del paciente y el tamaño de la deformación.

En este sentido, el médico recomendará desde la realización de ejercicios que ayuden a fortalecer los músculos de la zona de la columna, para lo cual es ideal acudir a un centro de fisioterapia en Alicante que ayudará a una recuperación más rápida y efectiva, hasta por supuesto la cirugía en los casos más graves.

Por norma general, la mayor parte de pacientes solucionan el problema directamente acudiendo un centro de fisioterapia, siempre y cuando se actúe lo antes posible, pero si se va dejando pasar, poco a poco la situación se puede ir complicando.

Hay otras medidas como el corsé para la espalda, el cual tan sólo funciona en el caso de esclerosis idiopática junto al cual también se recomiendan ejercicios con el fisioterapeuta, y finalmente está la cirugía que puede implicar el uso del corsé y por supuesto los ejercicios para la recuperación de la fuerza y movilidad de la musculatura.

No se pudo mostrar la tabla.

Qué porcentaje de la poblacion tiene escoliosis

La escoliosis es una condición común que afecta a una parte significativa de la población mundial. Se estima que aproximadamente el 2-3% de la población tiene escoliosis. Esto significa que millones de personas en todo el mundo están viviendo con esta condición.

La escoliosis puede afectar a personas de todas las edades, desde niños hasta adultos mayores. Se cree que la mayoría de los casos de escoliosis se desarrollan durante la adolescencia, entre las edades de 10 y 18 años. Sin embargo, también existen casos de escoliosis congénita, que ocurren desde el nacimiento, y casos de escoliosis adquirida en la edad adulta.

La escoliosis afecta a ambos géneros por igual. No hay una predilección específica por el género en términos de quién desarrollará escoliosis. Tanto hombres como mujeres pueden verse afectados por esta condición.

Además, es importante destacar que los factores genéticos pueden desempeñar un papel importante en el desarrollo de la escoliosis. Si tienes un familiar cercano con escoliosis, es posible que tengas un mayor riesgo de desarrollar la condición.

Aunque la escoliosis puede ser una condición preocupante, es importante recordar que la mayoría de los casos son leves y no requieren tratamiento. Sin embargo, en casos más graves, se pueden utilizar diversas opciones de tratamiento para corregir la curvatura espinal y aliviar los síntomas asociados.

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